Estados Unidos recuperó 4.8 millones de empleos en junio y la tasa de desempleo cedió al 11.1%

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Estados Unidos sumó 4.8 millones de empleos en el mes de junio y la tasa de desempleo cedió desde el 13.3% en mayo al 11.1%, según los datos publicados por el Departamento de Trabajo. Además, las revisiones para los meses de abril y mayo concluyeron con una suma adicional de 90,000 puestos de trabajo más de lo anteriormente estimado.

La mejora en el mercado laboral de Estados Unidos refleja la continua reanudación de la actividad económica. Durante el mes que acabamos de dejar atrás, la creación de empleos dentro de categorías como el ocio y la hospitalidad aumentó considerablemente al igual que ocurrió en sectores como el comercio minorista, los servicios de educación y salud, las fabricas así como servicios profesionales y comerciales.

La tasa de participación en la fuerza laboral aumentó en 0.7 puntos porcentuales en junio hasta alcanzar el 61.5% quedando todavía 1.9 puntos porcentuales por debajo de su nivel de febrero. Por su parte, el número de personas que generalmente trabajan a tiempo completo aumentó en 2.4 millones hasta 118.9 millones mientras que aquellos que trabajan a media jornada aumentó también en alrededor de 2.4 millones hasta los 23.2 millones. El salario medio a la hora cayó en 35 centavos hasta los 29.37 dólares.

El ocio y la hospitalidad se postularon de nuevo como el motor del empleo, sumando 2.1 millones de puestos de trabajo, lo que representa aproximadamente el 40% del crecimiento total. El sector minorista contrató a 740,000 personas mientras que el sector fabril añadió 356,000 empleos. La reanudación de las citas médicas de rutina han ayudado a que el empleo dentro de la atención médica y los servicios de salud aumentara en 568,000 puestos de trabajo. Aun así, la mayor economía del mundo ha recuperado solo 7.5 millones de los 22 millones de empleos perdidos desde marzo.

Caída de despidos temporales

Otro gran contribuyente que redujo la tasa de desempleo fue la caída en los despidos temporales que cedieron en 4.8 millones en junio hasta los 10.6 millones. No obstante, el Buró de Estadísticas Laborales (BLS, por sus siglas en inglés) del Departamento de Trabajo reconoció como ya lo hizo anteriormente que un "error de clasificación" todavía continúa distorsionando el resultado de su encuesta, y sin él la tasa de desempleo habría sido 1 punto porcentual más alta sobre una base no ajustada estacionalmente.

"El factor más importante detrás del repunte en el empleo ha sido la continua tendencia hacia la reapertura, que ahora está dando marcha atrás en algunos estados", señala Michael Pearce, economista de Capital Economics.

Precisamente, este dato llega en un momento en que el repunte de las infecciones amenaza con enturbiar los procesos de reapertura en múltiples estados del país. Esta misma semana, el número de casos diarios alcanzó un nuevo récord al superar los 50,000. Las miras se dirigen a Arizona, California, Texas y Florida entre otros que bien han congelado o dado marcha atrás en sus planes de desescalada.

De hecho, Florida, Michigan, Arizona y Texas han vuelto a cerrar el servicio interior en los bares mientras que California ha hecho lo propio tanto en bares como en restaurantes en 19 condados (que representan más del 70% de la población) durante al menos tres semanas. Nueva York y Nueva Jersey han retrasado los planes para reabrir el servicio interior en este tipo de establecimientos.

"Si bien sigue siendo un lastre para la actividad económica, la ronda actual de cierres y retrasos en la desescalada está mucho más enfocada tanto en términos de negocios como de geografía que los confinamientos que vimos en el primer trimestre", reconoce Andrew Hollenhorst, economista de Citi.

Esta misma semana, los datos de la gestora de nóminas ADP indicaron que el sector privado de Estados Unidos sumó 2.36 millones de puestos de trabajo el mes pasado. Además, las cifras de mayo fueron revisadas al alza para mostrar un alza de 3,065 millones.

Todo ello acompañado de los datos de la actividad manufacturera en la mayor economía del mundo, que volvió de nuevo a territorio positivo. Así, los datos del Instituto de Gerencia y Abastecimiento (ISM, por sus siglas en inglés) alcanzó en junio una lectura de 52.6, el dato más fuerte desde abril de 2019.

Fuente: El Economista América

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